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Genetic Codes

 

The "Universal" Genetic Code

In form of codon, Left-Top-Right (ATG is Met)

 T C A G
T Phe Ser Tyr Cys T
C
Leu Ter Ter A
Trp G
C Leu Pro His Arg T
C
Gln A
G
A Ile Thr Asn Ser T
C
Lys Arg A
Met G
G Val Ala Asp Gly T
C
Glu A
G
A good reference on deviations from the "Universal" Code can be found in:
Recent evidence for evolution of the genetic code.
Osawa S; Jukes; TH; Watnabe K; Muto A
Microbiol Rev 56: 229-264 (1992)
An extensive resource on canonical & non-canonical genetic codes and their taxonomic range is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information.

Unless otherwise cited, information below is from this reference

Non-canonical codes in eubacterial genomes

Micrococcus luteus
AGA = Not usable
ATA = Not usable
Kanoi et al, J Mol Biol 230, 51-6 (1993)
Mycoplasmas and Spiroplasmas
TGA = Trp Inamine et al J Bacteriol 172: 504-506 (1990)
CGG = Not usable Oba et al Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 921-5 (1991)

Non-canonical codes in eukaryotic nuclear genomes

Cilliates

Tourancheau et al, EMBO J 14: 3262-3267 (1995)

TAA TAG TGA
Ter Blepharisma (Canonical)
Ter Cys Euplotes
Gln Ter Paramecium, Tetrahymena, Oxytrichia, Stylonychia, Glaucoma

Tetrahymena, Paramecium
TAA = Gln
TAG = Gln

Fungi

Candida cylindrica
CTG = Ser

Algae

Acetabularia
TAA = Gln
TAG = Gln

Non-canonical codes in mitochondrial genomes

 TGA ATA AAA AGA AGG CAN TAA Citation
Canonical Ter Ile Lys Arg Leu Ter
Vertebrates Trp Met Lys Ter Leu Ter
Arthropods Trp Met Lys Ser Arg Leu Ter
Echinoderms Trp Ile Asn Ser Leu Ter
Molluscs Trp Met Lys Ser Leu Ter
Ascidians Trp Met Lys Gly Leu Ter Yokobori et al, J Mol Evol 36: 1-8 (1993)
Nematodes Trp Met ??? Ser ??? ???
Platyhelminths Trp Ile Asn Ser Leu Tyr?
Yeasts Trp Met Lys Arg Thr Ter
Euascomycetes Trp Ile Lys Arg Leu Ter
Protozoans Trp Ile Lys Arg Leu Ter